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behavioral activation
Behavioral activation is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. It is one of many functional analytic psychotherapies which are based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis. This area is also a part of what is called clinical behavior analysis (CBA) (see behavior therapy) and makes up one of the most effective practices in the professional practice of behavior analysis.
==Theoretical underpinnings==
Behavioral activation emerged from a component analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy. This analysis found that any cognitive component added little to the overall treatment of depression. The behavioral component had existed as a stand-alone treatment in the early work of Peter Lewinsohn〔Lewinsohn, P.M. (1975). The behavioral study and treatment of depression. In M. Hersen, R.M. Eisler, & P.M. Miller (Eds.), ''Progress in behavioral modification'' (Vol. 1, pp. 19–65). New York: Academic.〕 and thus a group of behaviorists decided that it might be more efficient to pursue a purer behavioral treatment for the disorder. The theory holds that not enough environmental reinforcement or too much environmental punishment can contribute to depression. The goal of the intervention is to increase environmental reinforcement and reduce punishment.
The theoretical underpinnings of behavioral activation〔Jacobson, N.S.; Martell, C.R. & Dimidjian, S. (2001). Behavioral Activation for depression:Returning to contextual roots. ''Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice'', 8, 255–270〕〔Martell, C.R.; Addis, M.E. & Jacobson, N.S. (2001). ''Depression in context: Strategies for guided action.'' New York: W. W. Norton.〕 for depression is Charles Ferster's functional analysis of depression.〔Kanter, J.W.; Callaghan, G.M.; Landes, S.J.; Busch, A.M. & Brown, K.R. (2004). Behavior analytic conceptualization and treatment of depression: Traditional models and recent advances. ''The Behavior Analyst Today'', 5, 255–274. ()〕 Ferster's basic model has been strengthened by further development in the study of reinforcement principles which led to the matching law and continuing theoretical advances in the possible functions of depression,〔Kanter, J.W.; Cautilli, J.D.; Busch, A.M. & Baruch, D.E. (2005). Toward a Comprehensive Functional Analysis of Depressive Behavior: Five Environmental Factors and a Possible Sixth and Seventh. ''The Behavior Analyst Today'', 6(1), 65–81. ()〕 as well as a look at behavior analysis of child development in order to determine long-term patterns which may lead to dysthymia.
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